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A research proposal Tutorial 1 Introduction to research in applied linguistics Supervisor Dr Kiều Thi Thu Hương Group members Nguyen Thi Lan Nguyen Thi Mien Tran Thi Hoang Ngan Class K18B Outline 1 What is the research? 2 What is the research carried for 3 A sample of research 4 Nature of social science and social reality 4 1 Social science 4 2 social reality 5 Research process in applied linguistics 5 1 A model of research process 5 2 Illustration from real research in applied linguistics 6 M.
Tutorial Introduction to research in applied linguistics Supervisor: Dr Kiều Thi Thu Hương Group members: Nguyen Thi Lan Nguyen Thi Mien Tran Thi Hoang Ngan Class: K18B Outline What is the research? What is the research carried for A sample of research Nature of social science and social reality 4.1 Social science 4.2 social reality Research process in applied linguistics 5.1 A model of research process 5.2 Illustration from real research in applied linguistics Main approaches and some terms What is research? - The search for knowledge or any systematic investigation - Discovering, interpreting, and development of methods and systems (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research) What is research? The systematic investigation into the study of materials, sources… to establish facts and reach new conclusions (Oxford Dictionary) What is research? Other definitions: • Research is the process of going up alleys to see if they are blind Marston Bates, American writer • Research is what I am doing when I don’t know what I am doing Von Braun, American engineer • If you steal from one author, it’s plagiarism; if you steal from many, it’s research Wilson Mizner, American dramatist What is research? A systematic process of inquiry consisting of three elements: - A question, a problem or a hypothesis - Data - Analysis and interpretation of data (Nunan.D.1992 (2) Research Methods in Language Learning) What is a research carried out for? General purposes: - Discover new theories or laws - Establish facts and search new conclusions - Interpret facts - Revise accepted theories or laws - To test models and develop theories What is a research carried out for? Specific purposes: - Get a result with scientific methods objectively - Solve problems, verify the application of theories, and lead on to new insights - Enlighten: researcher and readers What is a research carried out for? - Prove/disprove new ideas, characterize phenomena - Carry out what is planned, support the point of view, uncover what is not known, satisfy inquiry - Discover the cause of a problem, to find the solution to a problem, etc (Nunan.D.1992 Research Methods in Language Learning) Research report sample A model research: Title: Learning vocabulary through games The effectiveness of learning vocabulary through games Author: Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen Khuat Thi Thu Nga Source: http://asian-efl-journal.com/dec_03_sub.Vn.php Questions: What are the objectives? How are these objectives achieved? 48 6.5 Validity Degree to which results of study can be accurately interpreted and effectively generalized Internal validity External validity Degree to which made Degree to which resul sense what set out and generalized beyon reported all critical data the study its (Mc Donough; Research Methods for E Language Teachers; P62-63) 48 6.6 Variable: aracteristic which may differ over time a among individuals or groups hen one variable influences a second variable - 1st Variable 2nd Variable ndependent Variable Dependent Variable - 6.7 Longitudinal conducted over a lengthy period of time Way that one study is formulated to suit the purpose of study (Mc Donough; Research Methods for E Language Teachers; P62-63) 50 6.8 Quantifiable some Each datum A number represents well-defined quantity, rank, or category (An Introduction to research Methods and traditions; P9) 51 6.9 Systematic Work out topic Example: Steps of a research Make an outline Find data Study follow clear procedural rules Evaluate found data Introduction to research Methods and traditions; P9) Cite using a standard format 52 6.10 Logical - Study in a clear step-by-step progression E g Preceed in survey Question formation Data collection Data analysis 53 6.11 Tangible collecting and manipulating data from the real world Da lat has many waterfalls and it is so (Based on Mr Brown,1988) 12 Psychometric Psychometric Determine language gains from different methods and materials from the use of “experimental method Psychometric research Research carried out by the collection of data through an experiment Analysis of that data through the use of inferential statistics 55 Systematic Deductivism Work out topic Example: Make an outline Steps of a research Find data Evaluate found data Study follow clear Cite using a procedural rules standard format Deductivism or Inductivism? Tangible collecting and manipulating data from the real world Inductivis mhas Da lat many waterfalls Deductivism or andInductivism? it is so 57 Inductivism? Match the term and its concept Systematic A way that one study is formulated to suit the purpose of the study conducted over a lengthy period of time Logical B data is collected from the real world Tangible C study follow clear procedural rules Psycho- D study proceed in a clear step-by-step metric Longitu- dinal fashion, from question formation to data collection and analysis E determine language gains from different methods and materials from the use of “experimental method58 Match the term and its concept Systematic C study follow clear procedural rules Logical D study proceed in a clear step-by-step Tangible B data is collected from the real world Psycho- E determine language gains from metric Longitu- dinal fashion, from question formation to data collection and analysis different methods and materials from the use of “experimental method A way that one study is formulated to suit the purpose of the study conducted over a lengthy period of time Fill the missing words tangibl systema logic quantifia e tic ble systema A study is (1)… … …….if it follows clear tic for the design of the study procedural rules A study should also exhibit (2)…… in the logic step-by-step tangibl progression of the study (3) ……… research isebased on the collection of data from the real world The types of data are numerous, but they are all similar in that quantifia they must be (4)………… , that is, each data must be a numberble that represents some welldefined quantity, rank, or category 60 References • Cohen, L., et al 2007 Research Methods in Education • Nunan D 1992 Research Methods in Language Learning Cambridge • Brown, J.D & Rodgers, T.S., 2002, Doing Second Language Research • Wisker, G 2001, The Postgraduate Handbook, New York • McDonough, J & S McDonough, 1997, Research Methods for English Language Teachers • An Introduction to research Methods and traditions • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research • http://asian-efl-journal.com/dec_03_sub.Vn.php III Homework Than k you • Write the answers • Write about your last Tet holiday 62 ... satisfy inquiry - Discover the cause of a problem, to find the solution to a problem, etc (Nunan.D.1992 Research Methods in Language Learning) Research report sample A model research: Title: Learning... systematic investigation - Discovering, interpreting, and development of methods and systems (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /Research) What is research? The systematic investigation into the study... Research process in applied linguistics 5.1 A model of research process 5.2 Illustration from real research in applied linguistics Main approaches and some terms What is research? - The search for